关于当前在押犯的申诉心理透析
河北省保定市北市区检察院 李振东 宋丽红
申诉，是法律赋予罪犯的一项政治权利。对此，《宪法》规定，中华人民共和国公民对于任何国家机关和国家机关工作人员的违法失职行为，有向有关国家机关提出申诉、控告和检举的权利；《监狱法》也规定，罪犯对生效的判决不服的，可以提出申诉，并对罪犯申诉的处理程序和结果反馈作出了明确的法律表述。这些规定不仅为监狱在处理罪犯申诉问题上提供了法律依据，而且对进一步完善我国的刑罚执行具有重要意义。近年来，随着我国法制建设的不断加强，法律程序的日臻完善，执法环节的逐步细化，监管场所罪犯的申诉数量呈下降趋势。但仍有部分人员申诉不断，这本在情理之中。笔者作为检察机关驻狱工作人员对这些申诉进行透析后发现，罪犯申诉动因各异，有关部门在处理申诉问题上亦有生硬，草率之处。因此撰写拙文，以期引起有关部门的关注，切实做好刑罚执行和监管场所的稳定工作。
一 .当前罪犯的申诉心理状态
申诉，是公民对有关自身或他人的权益问题，向司法机关或有关国家机关申明理由、请求处理的行为。申诉可分为诉讼申诉和非诉讼申诉。罪犯在监狱所提出的申诉，属于诉讼申诉，正确行使申诉权，有助于及时纠正冤假错案，维护公民的合法权益；有助于罪犯知法懂法，认罪服法；有助于严肃监规纪律，维护监管改造秩序的稳定。
当前监狱押犯在申诉问题上，主要受以下几种心理支配：
1． 罪刑不适当，罚不当罪，导致申诉。罪责刑相适应是我国刑
事立法的一项基本原则。准确查明犯罪事实，正确适用刑法，惩治犯罪是维护司法公正的严肃问题，但由于各种原因一时还无法从根本上杜绝适用法律不当，冤枉无辜的现象发生。有些犯罪嫌疑人犯罪事实没有查清。证据不足，本不应定罪量刑，但依然被判决入狱，有的罪犯虽然触犯了法律，但从情节和后果看，与事实有明显出入。审判机关认定事实有误，或适用法律不当而轻罪重判量刑畸重。这两种现象在当事人诉讼期间上诉未果的情况下，导致入狱后提出申诉。
2． 对法律无知，思想偏见，导致申诉。有的罪犯本身就因法制
观念淡薄法律意识不强而犯罪，入狱后虽然学习了一些法律条义，但采取实用主义态度运用法律，或认识偏颇曲解法律，或断章取义肢解法律，对于司法机关的公正判决疑惑不解，造成无知申诉。例如：罪犯某甲因抢劫、盗窃、流氓数罪并罚被判处20年有期徒刑。在服刑期间通过教育主动交代了与他人合伙杀人的余罪。查实后法院从轻判处某甲死刑缓期二年执行。但该犯片面理解法律，认为自己交代余罪是自首行为，揭发他人犯罪是立功表现。不应再判死缓，而应在原判刑期以下量刑。于是大呼上当，多次提出申诉。
3． 混水摸鱼，心存侥幸，投机申诉。某些罪犯明知自己的犯罪
行为给社会或他人的生命财产造成一定的危害，对司法机关的公正判决也曾表示认罪服法。但入狱后面对严格的监管环境和艰苦的改造生活，情感世界发生了变化，原来的悔罪意识消退；好逸恶劳的旧病复发，纸醉金迷的故态重萌。心里觉得反正申诉也不加刑，何不碰碰运气，万一能够改判岂不是更好，于是对枝尾末节的证据添枝加叶，向有关部门进行申诉，侥幸企盼好运的到来。有的罪犯原有一定的社会地位和“关系网”，入狱后想入非非，企图运用自己的影响和关系，通过申诉的渠道来改变目前的状况，逃避法律的惩罚和艰苦的改造生活。
4． 蔑视法律，抗拒改造，变态申诉。有的罪犯本身反社会意识
极强，他们的这种心理定势并不因犯罪锒铛入狱而终结，相反在狱内不时顽固表现出来，如有的罪犯入狱后抵触情绪强烈，有罪不认，违反监规，对抗改造，预谋脱逃或闹监；有的虽然不敢公开对抗，但却借申诉之名，行泄愤之实。采用颠倒事实，隐瞒真相，无理胡缠的手段大肆发泄心中对处罚的不满，干扰政府机关的正常工作。这实际上是他们根深蒂固的反社会人格在特定环境的心理折射。
二．对待申诉各方所持态度
罪犯的申诉因由尽管千差万别，但基本态度只有两种即正当申诉与无理申诉，不管申诉理由能否成立、申诉态度是否正确，申诉事实一旦形成，就会在各类人员中产生不同的反应。
罪犯作为申诉人，申诉前，一般要收集材料、探听渠道、了解有关申诉的法律知识，并且花费相当的精力撰写申诉材料，有的还可能在犯群中和干警面前制造些申诉舆论，也有的通过会见通信让家人代为申诉。在申诉期间又担心申诉书到不了检察官、法官手里，极力渴求申诉的结果。这期间，他们心神不安，坐卧不宁，无心参加生产和集体组织的各项活动，特别是确有冤情的罪犯上述反应尤为明显。有的长期申诉未果，还会萌生自杀或铤而走险逃出监狱向法院要说法的念头，这些行为表现和思想动态无疑对监管改造工作是十分不利的。
监狱警察，作为直接管理罪犯的执法着，绝大部分能够正确对待罪犯的申诉，依法办事。但也有极少数干警存有错误的认识和作法。有的干警持无所谓的态度，认为既然申诉是罪犯的权利，不让申诉是违法的，对罪犯申诉采取不支持、不过问、不把关的三不政策。你写我就照转，你闹我就批评，失去了许多通过审查申诉，了解罪犯真实思想的机会。有的干警看到罪犯申诉就反感，不加分析一概排斥。认为申诉就是不认罪服法，动辄批评训斥，甚至把罪犯的申诉看作是麻烦，搁置起来。须知这种做法是违法行为。有的个别干警把允许罪犯的申诉看成是自己对罪犯的关照和恩赐，或大包大揽，或以不予转递材料反映情况相要挟，借机向罪犯索钱要物。这种做法情节严重着就构成渎职犯罪。
检察机关作为负有监督职责的执法机关，在办理罪犯申诉方面，也存在着一些亟待解决的问题。一是重视不够，监督意识薄弱。表现为对罪犯的申诉感到无能为力，爱莫能助 ，加之了解情况甚少，因此只是被动接诉，形成申诉受理多，立案复查少，抗诉更少，甚至只转不办的状况，二是法律监督的方式单一，监督效果不够明显。注重案件实体方面的事实、证据及定罪量刑问题，忽视对法院审判程序是否合法的监督；重视对重罪轻判，有罪判无罪的案件进行监督，对于轻罪重判、无罪判有罪的案件往往不予重视。此外，有的同志思想认识有偏见怕有越俎代庖或鼓励申诉之嫌，不愿在罪犯中进行有关申诉知识的法律咨询和法律宣传。
凡此种种，都是与法律的立法本意及不相容的，需要采取有效措施认真加以纠正和克服，从而切实维护法律的严肃性。
三．正确运用法律，恰当处理申诉。
对罪犯提出的申诉处理，是一个法律性，政策性及强的问题。法律明确规定的应当严格依法办事；法律有原则规定，但没有具体内容的，在处理申诉时应当以不违反法律原则为前提；法律尚未规定的，可以在依法办事的同时，从实际出发，努力摸索出成功经验，逐步加以规范化。在具体工作中，要着重注意以下几个方面：
1． 区别情况，分别对待。在严格依法办事确保罪犯申诉权利的同时，要根据不同情况，作好罪犯的思想教育工作。
对据理申诉的罪犯，要给予理解和支持。除及时将罪犯申诉材料转送有关司法部门处理外，还应注意主动向受理机关提供罪犯本人的有关情况，以利于承办人尽快掌握情况。同时还应注意适时催办，主动询问处理结果，必要时还可以在人力、物力方面予以相应的配合。
对于误解法律而提出申诉的，要耐心进行说服教育，劝其自动息诉；对于无理申诉的要进行批评教育，指出其无理申诉的危害，促使其认罪服判，自动息诉或撤诉。
对于滥用申诉权，有罪不认，故意捣乱，喊冤叫屈。无理取闹，有意制造混乱，混淆视听的罪犯，要给予严厉批评，屡教不改者，应按有意破坏监管改造秩序依法论处。
2． 教之以规，导之以行。结合思想教育和法制教育对罪犯进行普遍的申诉知识教育。向罪犯讲解提出申诉的基本程序，基本内容和要求。使罪犯认识到，在申诉权问题上，从法律角度讲，有个切实保障的问题；从罪犯个人讲，有个正确行使的问题。罪犯应当在珍惜这一权利的同时学会正确使用。不得滥用申诉权，借申诉之名，有意制造混乱，破坏监管秩序；巴不得在申诉期间拒绝服从狱政管理和逃避生产劳动。通过教育使罪犯的申诉权利行使建立在符合法定条件的基础上。
3． 秉公执法，提供方便。监狱干警和检察机关工作人员要在法律允许的范围内，为罪犯行使申诉权提供便利条件。
首先，要转变观念，强化监督意识，加大办理罪犯申诉案件的力度。要从履行法律监督职责的高度来看待此项工作，提高对办理此类案件重要性的认识，增强对法院判决、裁定实行法律监督的主动性和自觉性，把落实罪犯的正当申诉和平息无理申诉工作当作一件事关人权保障，关系监管秩序稳定的大事来抓。
其次，要转变工作作风，深入实际认真听取罪犯的口头申诉，仔细审阅罪犯的申诉材料从而全面了解和掌握罪犯的思想动向。
再次，建立和完善狱务公开，检务公开制度。疏通申诉渠道为正当申诉创造宽松的环境，在罪犯集中区域设立宣传栏和申诉控告箱，由监狱干警和检察机关工作人员定期给罪犯上法律课，并建立接待日制度，接受罪犯的申诉咨询。
总之，正确处理罪犯申诉问题是维护当事人合法权益，维护社会公平正义的有效手段。只有掌握罪犯的不同申诉心理，才能有针对性的做好工作；只有提高正当申诉的比例，才能做到不枉不纵，保证司法公正性和严肃性；只有做好不当申诉的息诉工作，才能维护监管场所的稳定，减少社会不安定因素。掌握罪犯申诉心理这项工作虽然在整个监管改造工作中比重小，很具体，细微，且涉及人员较少，但事关国家法律，党的政策能否正常实施和执行，因此我们必须努力做好。
中华人民共和国外汇管理暂行条例(附英文)
国务院
中华人民共和国外汇管理暂行条例(附英文)
国务院
（一九八0年十二月五日国务院常务会议通过）
第一章 总 则
第一条 为了加强外汇管理，增加国家外汇收入，节约外汇支出，有利于促进国民经济的发展，并维护国家权益，特制定本条例。
一切外汇的收入和支出，各种外汇票证的发行和流通，以及外汇、贵金属和外汇票证等进出中华人民共和国国境，都应当遵守本条例的规定。
第二条 本条例所称外汇系指：
一、外国货币：包括钞票、铸币等；
二、外币有价证券：包括政府公债、国库券、公司债券、股票、息票等；
三、外币支付凭证：包括票据、银行存款凭证、邮政储蓄凭证等；
四、其他外汇资金。
第三条 中华人民共和国对外汇实行由国家集中管理、统一经营的方针。
中华人民共和国管理外汇的机关为国家外汇管理总局及其分局。
中华人民共和国经营外汇业务的专业银行为中国银行。非经国家外汇管理总局批准，其他任何金融机构都不得经营外汇业务。
第四条 在中华人民共和国境内，除法律、法令和本条例另有规定者外，一切中外机构或者个人的外汇收入，都必须卖给中国银行，所需外汇由中国银行按照国家批准的计划或者有关规定卖给。
在中华人民共和国境内，禁止外币流通、使用、质押，禁止私自买卖外汇，禁止以任何形式进行套汇、逃汇。
第二章 对国家单位和集体经济组织的外汇管理
第五条 中国境内的机关、部队、团体、学校，国营企业、事业单位，城乡集体经济组织（以下统称境内机构）的外汇收入和支出，都实行计划管理。
国家允许境内机构按照规定持有留成外汇。
第六条 境内机构除经国家外汇管理总局或者分局批准，不得私自保存外汇，不得将外汇存放境外，不得以外汇收入抵作外汇支出，不得借用、调用国家驻外机构以及设在外国和港澳等地区的企业、事业单位的外汇。
第七条 境内机构非经国务院批准，不得在国内外发行具有外汇价值的有价证券。
第八条 境内机构接受外国或者港澳等地区的银行、企业的贷款，必须分别由国务院主管部门或者省、市、自治区人民政府汇总，编制年度贷款计划，经国家外汇管理总局和外国投资管理委员会核报国务院批准。
贷款审批办法，另行规定。
第九条 境内机构的留成外汇，非贸易和补偿贸易项下先收后付的备付外汇，贷入的自由外汇，以及经国家外汇管理总局或者分局批准持有的其他外汇，都必须在中国银行开立外汇存款帐户或者外汇额度帐户，按照规定的范围使用，并受中国银行监督。
第十条 境内机构进出口贷物，经办银行应当凭海关查验后的进出口许可证，或者凭进出口货物报关单，检查其外汇收支。
第十一条 国家驻外机构必须按照国家批准的计划使用外汇。
设在外国和港澳等地区的企业、事业单位从事经营所得的利润，除按照国家批准的计划可以留存当地营运者外，都必须按期调回，卖给中国银行。
一切驻外机构不得自行为境内机构保存外汇。
第十二条 临时派往外国和港澳等地区的代表团、工作组，必须分别按照各该专项计划使用外汇。公毕回国，必须将剩余的外汇及时调回，经核销后卖给中国银行。
前款代表团、工作组及其成员，从事各项业务活动所得外汇，必须及时调回；除经国家外汇管理总局或者分局批准，不得存放境外。
第三章 对个人的外汇管理
第十三条 居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人，由外国和港澳等地区汇入的外汇，除国家允许留存的部分外，必须卖给中国银行。
第十四条 居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人，存放在中国境内的外汇，允许个人持有。
前款外汇，不得私自携带、托带或者邮寄出境；如需出售，必须卖给中国银行，同时允许按照国家规定的比例留存部分外汇。
第十五条 居住在中国境内的中国人在中华人民共和国成立前、华侨在回国定居前、港澳同胞在回乡定居前，存放在外国或者港澳等地区的外汇，调回境内的，允许按照国家规定的比例留存部分外汇。
第十六条 派赴外国或者港澳等地区的工作人员、学习人员公毕返回，如汇入或者携入属于个人所有的外汇，允许全部留存。
第十七条 本条例第十三、十四、十五条规定的允许个人留存的外汇，其留存比例，另行规定。
本条例第十三、十四、十五、十六条规定的允许个人留存的外汇，必须存入中国银行。此项外汇存款，可以卖给中国银行，可以通过中国银行汇出境外，也可以凭中国银行证明携出境外；但是，不得将存款凭证私自携带、托带或者邮寄出境。
第十八条 来中国的外国人，短期回国的华侨、回乡的港澳同胞，应聘在中国境内机构工作的外籍专家、技术人员、职工，以及外籍留学生、实习生等，由外国或者港澳等地区汇入或者携入的外汇，可以自行保存，可以卖给或者存入中国银行，也可以汇出或者携出境外。
第十九条 居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人，如需购买外汇汇出或者携出境外，可以向当地外汇管理分局申请，经批准后，由中国银行卖给。
应聘在中国境内机构工作的外籍专家、技术人员和职工，汇出或者携出外汇，由中国银行按照合同、协议的规定办理。
第四章 对外国驻华机构及其人员的外汇管理
第二十条 各国驻华外交代表机构、领事机构、商务机构，驻华的国际组织机构和民间机构，外交官，领事官以及各该机构所属常驻人员，由外国或者港澳等地区汇入或者携入的外汇，可以自行保存，可以卖给或者存入中国银行，也可以汇出或者携出境外。
第二十一条 各国驻华外交代表机构、领事机构，收取中国公民以人民币交付的签证费、认证费，如要求兑成外汇，必须经国家外汇管理总局或者分局批准。
第五章 对侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业及其人员的外汇管理
第二十二条 侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业的一切外汇收入，都必须存入中国银行；一切外汇支出，从其外汇存款帐户中支付。
前款企业必须定期向国家外汇管理总局或者分局填送外汇业务报表，国家外汇管理总局或者分局有权检查其外汇收支的活动情况。
第二十三条 侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业与中华人民共和国境内的企业或者个人之间的结算，除经国家外汇管理总局或者分局核准者外，都应当使用人民币。
第二十四条 侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业的外国合营者依法纳税后的纯利润和其他正当收益，可以向中国银行申请从企业的外汇存款帐户中汇出。
前款企业、外国合营者，如将外汇资本转移到中国境外，应当向国家外汇管理总局或者分局申请，从企业的外汇存款帐户中汇出。
第二十五条 侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业中的外籍职工和港澳职工依法纳税后，汇出或者携出外汇，以不超过其本人工资等正当净收益的百分之五十为限。
第二十六条 依法停止营业的侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业，在中国境内的未了债务、税务事项，应当在有关主管部门和国家外汇管理总局或者分局的共同监督下，负责按期清理。
第六章 对外汇、贵金属和外汇票证等进出国境的管理
第二十七条 携带外汇、贵金属、贵金属制品进入中国国境，数量不受限制；但是，必须向入境地海关申报。
携带或者复带外汇出境，海关凭中国银行证明或者凭原入境时的申报单放行。
携带或者复带贵金属、贵金属制品出境，海关区别情况按照国家规定或者按照原入境时的申报单放行。
第二十八条 携带人民币旅行支票、旅行信用证等人民币外汇票证，入境时，海关凭申报单放行；出境时，海关凭中国银行证明或者凭原入境时的申报单放行。
第二十九条 居住在中国境内的中国人，持有境外的债券、股票、房地契，以及同处理境外债权、遗产、房地产和其他外汇资产有关的各种证书、契约，非经国家外汇管理总局或者分局批准，不得携带、托带或者邮寄出境。
第三十条 居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人所持有的人民币支票、汇票、存折、存单等人民币有价凭证，不得携带、托带或者邮寄出境。
第七章 附 则
第三十一条 对违反本条例规定者，任何单位、个人都有权检举揭发。对检举揭发有功的单位、个人，给予奖励。对违法案件，由国家外汇管理总局、分局，或者由公安部门、工商行政管理部门、海关，按其情节轻重，强制实行收兑外汇，单处或者并处罚款、没收财物，或者由司法机
关依法惩处。
第三十二条 经济特区、边境贸易和边民往来的外汇管理办法，由有关省、市、自治区人民政府根据本条例规定结合当地具体情况制订，报国务院批准后施行。
第三十三条 本条例的施行细则，由国家外汇管理总局制定。
第三十四条 本条例自一九八一年三月一日起施行。(附英文)
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
INTERIM REGULATIONS ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTROL OF THE PEOPLE'S
REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Promulgated by the State Council on December 18, 1980)
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
These Regulations are formulated for the purpose of strengthening foreign
exchange control, increasing national foreign exchange income and
economizing on foreign exchange expenditure so as to facilitate the
development of national economy and safeguard the rights and interests of
the country.
All foreign exchange income and expenditure, the issuance and circulation
of all kinds of payment instruments in foreign currency, and the carrying
of foreign exchange, precious metals and payment instruments in foreign
currency into and out of the territory of the People's Republic of China
shall be governed by these Regulations.
Article 2
Foreign exchange mentioned in these Regulations refers to:
a. foreign currencies, including banknotes, coins, etc.
b. securities in foreign currency, including government bonds, treasury
bills, corporate bonds and debentures, stocks, and interest coupons, etc.
c. instruments payable in foreign currency, including bills, drafts,
cheques, bank deposit certificates, postal savings certificates, etc.
d. other foreign exchange funds.
Article 3
The People's Republic of China pursues the policy of centralized control
and unified management of foreign exchange by the State.
The administrative agency of the People's Republic of China in charge of
foreign exchange control is the State Administration of Foreign Exchange
Control (SAFEC) and its branch offices.
The specialized bank of the People's Republic of China engaged in foreign
exchange business is the Bank of China. No other financial institution
shall engage in foreign exchange business, unless approved by the SAFEC.
Article 4
All Chinese and foreign organizations or individuals within the territory
of the People's Republic of China must, unless otherwise stipulated by
law, decrees and these Regulations, sell their foreign exchange to the
Bank of China. Any foreign exchange they required is to be sold to them by
the Bank of China in accordance with the plans approved by the State or
with relevant provisions.
The circulation, use and mortgage of foreign currency, the unauthorized
sales and purchases of foreign exchange, and the unlawful procurement of
foreign exchange or evasion of foreign exchange control by whatever means
are prohibited within the territory of the People's Republic of China.
Chapter II Foreign Exchange Control Relating to State Units and Collective Economic Organizations
Article 5
All the foreign exchange incomes and expenditures of State organs, units
of the armed forces, nongovernmental bodies, schools, State enterprises,
institutions and urban and rural collective economic organizations within
China's territory (hereinafter referred to as organizations within
territory) are all subject to planned control. Organizations within
territory are permitted to hold their retained foreign exchange in
accordance with the relevant provisions.
Article 6
Unless approved by the SAFEC or its branch offices, organizations within
territory shall not possess foreign exchange; deposit foreign exchange
abroad; offset foreign exchange expenditure against foreign exchange
income; or use the foreign exchange belonging to State organs stationed
abroad or enterprises and institutions established in foreign countries or
in the Hong Kong and Macao regions by the State, by way of borrowing or
acquisition.
Article 7
Unless approved by the State Council, organizations within territory shall
not issue securities with foreign exchange value inside or outside China.
Article 8
With regard to loans to be accepted by organizations within territory from
banks or enterprises in foreign countries or in the Hong Kong and Macao
regions, the relevant competent departments under the State Council or the
relevant people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities directly under the Central Government shall consolidate and
draw up overall annual plans for such loans which must be submitted to the
SAFEC and the Foreign Investment Control Commission for examination and
transmission to the State Council for approval.
The measures for examining and approving such loans shall be prescribed
separately.
Article 9
Any foreign exchange held by organizations within territory, including
their retained foreign exchange, non-trade foreign exchange and foreign
exchange under compensatory trade received in advance and reserved for
later payments, funds borrowed in convertible foreign currencies and other
foreign exchange held with the approval of the SAFEC or its branch offices
must be placed in foreign currency deposit accounts or foreign currency
quota accounts to be opened with the Bank of China, and must be used
within the prescribed scope and be subject to the supervision of the Bank
of China.
Article 10
When organizations within territory import or export goods, the banks
handling the transactions shall check their foreign exchange receipts and
payments either against the import or export licenses duly verified by the
Customs or against the Customs declaration forms for imports or exports.
Article 11
State organs stationed abroad must use foreign exchange according to the
plan approved by the State.
The profits derived from their business operations by enterprises and
institutions established in foreign countries or in the Hong Kong and
Macao regions, except for the portion kept there as working funds
according to the plan approved by the State, must be transferred back on
schedule and be sold to the Bank of China.
No organization stationed abroad is permitted to keep foreign exchange for
organizations within territory without authorization.
Article 12
Delegations and working groups sent temporarily to foreign countries or to
the Hong Kong and Macao regions must use foreign exchange according to
their respective specific plans, and must, upon completion of their
missions and return, promptly transfer back to China their surplus foreign
exchange to be checked by and sold to the Bank of China. Foreign exchange
earned in their various business activities by the delegations and working
groups mentioned in the preceding paragraph and by members thereof, must
be promptly transferred back to China and must not be kept abroad without
the approval of the SAFEC or its branch offices.
Chapter III Foreign Exchange Control Relating to Individuals
Article 13
Foreign exchange remitted from foreign countries or from the Hong Kong and
Macao regions to Chinese, foreign nationals and stateless persons residing
in China must be sold to the Bank of China, except the portion retained as
permitted by the State.
Article 14
Chinese, foreign nationals and stateless persons residing in China shall
be permitted to keep in their own possession foreign exchange already in
China.
The foreign exchange mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall not,
without authorization, be carried or sent out of China either by owners or
by others or by post. If the owners need to sell the foreign exchange,
they must sell it to the Bank of China and are permitted to retain a
portion of the foreign exchange according to the percentage prescribed by
the State.
Article 15
When the foreign exchange that has been kept in foreign countries or in
the Hong Kong and Macao regions by Chinese residing in China prior to the
founding of the People's Republic of China, by overseas Chinese prior to
their returning to and settling down in China, or by Hong Kong and Macao
compatriots prior to their returning to and settling down in their native
places, is transferred to China, the owners shall be permitted to retain a
portion of the foreign exchange according to the percentage prescribed by
the State.
Article 16
When the foreign exchange belonging personally to individuals sent to work
or study in foreign countries or in the Hong Kong and Macao regions is
remitted or brought back to China, the owners, upon the completion of
their missions and return, shall be permitted to retain the entire amount
of the foreign exchange.
Article 17
The percentages of foreign exchange retention permitted under Articles 13,
14, and 15 of these Regulations shall be prescribed separately.
Foreign exchange retained by individuals as permitted under Articles 13,
14, 15, and 16 of these Regulations must be deposited with the Bank of
China. These foreign exchange deposits may be sold to the Bank of China or
remitted out of China through the Bank of China, or taken out of China
against certification by the Bank of China. It is however not permitted,
without authorization, to carry or send deposit certificates out of China
either by holders or by others or by post.
Article 18
The foreign exchange remitted or brought into China from foreign countries
or from the Hong Kong and Macao regions by foreign nationals coming to
China, by overseas Chinese and Hong Kong and Macao compatriots returning
for a short stay, by foreign experts, technicians, staff members and
workers engaged to work in organizations within China, and by foreign
students and trainees, may be kept in their own possession, or sold to or
deposited with the Bank of China, or remitted or taken out of China.
Article 19
Chinese, foreign nationals and stateless persons residing in China may
apply to the local branch offices of the SAFEC for the purchase of foreign
exchange to be remitted or taken out of China. Upon approval of such
applications, the required foreign exchange shall be sold to the
applicants by the Bank of China.
When foreign experts, technicians, staff members and workers engaged to
work in organizations within territory are to remit or take out of China
their foreign exchange, the Bank of China shall handle the matter in
accordance with the stipulations as provided in the relevant contracts or
agreements.
Chapter IV Foreign Exchange Control Relating to Foreign Resident Representative Offices in China and Their Personnel
Article 20
Foreign exchange remitted or brought into China from foreign countries or
from the Hong Kong and Macao regions by foreign diplomatic missions,
consular posts, commercial offices, offices of international organizations
and nongovernmental bodies resident office in China, foreign diplomatic
and consular officers as well as other resident staff members of the
aforesaid missions, posts and offices, may be kept in their own
possession, or sold to or deposited with the Bank of China, or remitted or
taken out of China.
Article 21
The conversion into foreign currency, if required, of visa and
certification fees received in Renminbi from Chinese citizens by foreign
diplomatic missions and consular posts in China, is subject to approval by
the SAFEC or its branch offices.
Chapter V Foreign Exchange Control Relating to Enterprises with Overseas Chinese Capital, Foreign-Capital Enterprises, and Chinese- Foreign Equity Joint Ventures and Their Personnel
Article 22
All foreign exchange receipts of enterprises with overseas Chinese
capital, foreign-capital enterprises and Chinese-foreign equity joint
ventures must be deposited with the Bank of China, and all their foreign
exchange disbursements must be effected from their foreign exchange
deposit accounts.
The enterprises mentioned in the preceding paragraph must periodically
submit their statements of foreign exchange business to the SAFEC or its
branch offices, all of which are empowered to check on the movements of
the foreign exchange receipts and payments of these enterprises.
Article 23
Except where otherwise approved by the SAFEC or its branch offices,
Renminbi shall in all cases be used in the settlement of accounts between
enterprises with overseas Chinese capital, foreign-capital enterprises,
Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures on the one hand and other
enterprises or individuals residing in the People's Republic of China on
the other hand.
Article 24
Enterprises with overseas Chinese capital, foreign-capital enterprises and
foreign joint venturers in Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures may apply
to the Bank of China for remitting abroad their net profits as well as
other legitimate earnings after taxation according to law, by debiting the
foreign exchange deposit accounts of the enterprises concerned.
Where the enterprises and foreign joint ventures mentioned in the
preceding paragraph are to transfer foreign exchange capital abroad, they
shall apply to the SAFEC or its branch offices for the transfer by
debiting the foreign exchange deposit accounts of the enterprises
concerned.
Article 25
An amount not exceeding 50% of their after-tax legitimate net earnings
from wages, etc. may be remitted or taken out of China in foreign
currency by staff members and workers of foreign nationality and those
from the Hong Kong and Macao regions employed by enterprises with overseas
Chinese capital, foreign-capital enterprises and Chinese-foreign equity
joint ventures.
Article 26
Enterprises with overseas Chinese capital, foreign-capital enterprises and
Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures which wind up operations in
accordance with legal procedure, shall be responsible for the liquidation,
within the scheduled period, of their outstanding liabilities and taxes
due in China under the joint supervision of the relevant competent
departments and the SAFEC or its branch offices.
Chapter VI Control Relating to Carrying Foreign Exchange, Precious Metals and Payment Instruments in Foreign Currency into and out of China
Article 27
No restriction as to the amount is imposed on the carrying into China of
foreign exchange, precious metals and objects made from them, but
declaration to the Customs is required at the place of entry.
To carry out of China foreign exchange or the foreign exchange previously
brought in shall be permitted by the Customs against certification by the
Bank of China or against the original declaration form filled out at the
time of entry.
To carry out of China precious metals and objects made from them or the
precious metals and objects made from them previously brought in shall be
permitted by the Customs according to the specific circumstances as
prescribed by State regulations or against the original declaration form
filled out at the time of entry.
Article 28
To bring into China Renminbi traveller's cheques, traveller's letters of
credit and other Renminbi payment instruments convertible into foreign
currency shall be permitted by the Customs against the declaration form
filled out at the Customs; and to take the same out of China shall be
permitted by the Customs against certification by the Bank of China or
against the original declaration form filled out at the time of entry.
Article 29
Unless otherwise approved by the SAFEC or its branch offices, it is not
permitted to carry or send out of China by holders or by others or by post
such certificates and deeds held by Chinese residing in China as bonds,
debentures, share certificates issued abroad; title deeds for real estate
abroad; other documents or deeds involving the disposal of creditor's
right, inheritance, real estate or other foreign exchange assets abroad.
Article 30
The carrying or sending out of China of Renminbi instruments, such as
Renminbi cheques, drafts, passbooks and deposit certificates, held by
Chinese or foreign nationals or stateless persons residing in China, is
not permitted, either by holders or by others or by post.
Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions
Article 31
All units and individuals have the right to report any violation of these
Regulations. Rewards shall be given to such units or individuals
according to the merits of the report. Violators shall be penalized by the
SAFEC, its branch offices or by public security organs, or by
administrative departments of industry and commerce, or by the Customs. In
light of the seriousness of the offence, the penalties may take the form
of compulsory exchange of the foreign currency for Renminbi, or fine or
confiscation of the properties or both, or punishment by judicial organs
according to law.
Article 32
The exchange control measures for special economic zones, for frontier
trade and for personal dealings between inhabitants across the border
shall be formulated, in accordance with these Regulations, by the people's
governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities
directly under the Central Government in the light of actual local
conditions, be submitted to the State Council for approval and be enforced
thereupon.
Article 33
Rules for the implementation of these Regulations shall be formulated by
the SAFEC.
Article 34
These Regulations shall enter into effect on March 1, 1981.
1980年12月18日
